NASA's ARTEMIS PROGRAM:KUM 50 JOUVA LHA🌙 LANGA MIHEMTE KILEKITDI(tujaan boina aumkitle Sept 5 launch kiboldi)

✒AstroMuon Kuki, Aerospace Engineer

(Launch live navet noumle NASA utube channel) 

Artemis kitihi Greek te pathennu(lha) ahin Space Program mission min a kijang ahi. Apenkhompinu Apollo jong Space Program mission min a kijanga lhasung July 20,1969 kuma mihemte eina puilut u ahi.Artemis space program hi £93 billion dollars vel lut a kisem, Apollo Space Program chu £22.6 billion dollars lut a NASA in anabol ahi. 

Hetsa hijongle lhasung a lamjot masapen chu Neil Armstrong ahi. 1969 apat 1972 sung in Apollo mission 6 ana um in, astronauts 12 lha sung a analut uve(numei jaolou). Amaho chu 

1. Neil Armstrong (1930-2012)—Apollo 11

2. Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (1930-)—Apollo 11

3. Charles "Pete"Conrad(1930-1999)—Apollo 12

4. Alan Bean (1932-2018)—Apollo 12

5. Alan B. Shepard Jr. (1923-1998)—Apollo 14

6. Edgar D. Mitchell (1930-2016)—Apollo 14

7. David R. Scott (1932-)—Apollo 15

8. James B. Irwin (1930-1991)—Apollo 15

9. John W. Young (1930-2018)—Apollo 10 (orbital), Apollo 16 (landing)

10. Charles M. Duke (1935-)—Apollo 16

11. Eugene Cernan (1934-2017)—Apollo 10 (orbital), Apollo 17 (landing)

12. Harrison H. Schmitt (1935-)—Apollo 17.

Artemis mission hi thum a hopkhen thei ahi. 

Artemis I 2022,Artemis II 2024,Artemis III 2025.

Artemis masapen hi tukum August 29th soldoh dia tohgon anaum chu engine 2(1998 kum a khatvei kijangsa) boijeh a kivochon a tunikho(3rd September 11:47 PM in India) soldoh(launch) dia tohgon joh ahitai. Tohgon dungjuiya chelha hile August 29 apat October 10(42-day Mission)chan hidi ahi. Tua jong 42-day Mission ahinalai in, nikho joh khel ahi. 

Artemis I hi mihem toulouva patep bolna, mihem tah atoulou vang a mihem tahsa tobang thum kisema outer space a itobang thilsoh um em vetlhahna neidi, Orion Capsule in lha avelkol theidan, lha sung a twi umdan CubeSat(satellite 🛰) khat in aholdi, adang CubeSat in lhasung a Hydrogen(element) aholding akimule energy kondohsahna bulpi ahi. Abanle biology experiment algae le fungi ho outer space a umdan kholgilna nei ding. Space Launch System(SLS) hin agoma satellite 12 apoh hin lhasung ama mission dungjuiya kholgilna anei diu achaitengleu leiset kinunglekit dia tohgon chu ahi. 

NASA ORION SPACECRAFT'S KHOLJIN DIDAN

✅NASA's Orion spacecraft hi Kennedy Space Center apat Space Launch System(SLS) rocket a launch kiboldi

✅Abanle Orion leiset orbit alut phaatle solar panels lii alahdoh a charge abolding,nisa lhum tengle meivah(electricity) mutheinadi.Orion hi solar powered ahin temperature maintain abolngai, chule 90mins val muthim noiya aumle se jeng thei. 

✅Leiset orbit akhokhal theinadia upper stage SLS rocket in thrust apeh chetle lha lang(direction) ajot paidi, pung ni jou Orion spacecraft lift-off joule upper stage SLS rocket toh kikhendi

✅Orion Spacecraft Chollha lang kholjin ache jing theinadia SERVICE MODULE European Space Agency in apehdi. Service module kitichu satellite control theina dia manchah kipe tidi ahi. Eg. Power, video data processing le data storage etc

✅Orion Spacecraft hi lha sung apat 100 kilometres(about 60 miles) naipen a lengdi

✅Orion in lha gravity jang'a 40,000 miles gamla retrograde orbit a lha velkitdi

✅Hichemuna ni 6 aumden phatle leiset a NASA Mission Controller in data le performance ho avet diu

✅Ni gup joule, Orion in Service Module ON abolkit a leiset hungkile di, thrust(force) lhomcha Orion in anei ding phat a lha gravity leiset direction a akisot hatsah ngaidi. Hetding celestial bodies(space a object) atamjo hin gravity le orbit anei sohkei, hicheho manchahdan ihetle spacecraft thao tamtah huhdohna ahi. Satellite ho hin thrust akipohjiu orbit khat apat adang achenoumleu thrust ON aboldiu, hiche thrust pehnadi polou satellite/spacecraft chu orbit khat a akumkhotong a kipeiden uva seden jiy aitai. Hichejeh a space debris(space a nen tidi) 9,300 objects lang umden,khonung a satellite launch ibolphatle hichehohin asuhboi jiy ahi. 

✅Orion spacecraft leiset atmosphere agei phatle spaceship temperature hi 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit lang geidi, hiche phaatle heat shield in crew members avenbitdi.

Spaceships/spacecraft hi heatshield theina dia kisem ahiuve. Khutiloule spacecraft sung a touho thijoukei keuseh hilouva engine jouse jong se gamdi.

Tekahna, Jon Amiel sci-fi movie CORE a leiset kipei akingah ding phaat a akholgildia scientist ho leiset lailung acheuva alennao machine jun theilouna khu heat shield dia akisem jeh ahi.Hiche tobang a chu spacecraft/spaceships ho heat shield a kisemjiy, space achephatleu nisa hu apat akivenbitnadi. 

Artemis I alolhingle Artemis II hi 2024 kumle tohgon umpai a astronauts li👨‍🚀 Orion Capsule a soldia gotsa ahi. Lhasung lenglut louva Artemis I in lha aga velkuol tobang chet a astronauts hon aveldiu,ni som joule leiset hung kilekit diu ahi. 

Artemis II alolhingle Artemis III jong 2025 kumle amasapen dia numei astronaut in lhasung achotlut di ahi. Hapta khat lhasung aumjou phatle leiset hung kilekit ding.Apollo mission somleni tah ana um vanga numei umkhalou, NASA in jong numei astronaut alahna hi 1978 kumbep hung hinalai ahi.NASA in 1978 apat numei astronaut alah pan apat numei astronauts space chedoh jathi tukum March chan a mi 75 ahitai.Artemis mission dia astronauts trained kibolhi numei 9 le pasal 9 ahi. Astronauts ho hin Lha noilang(south pole) akholdiu ajeh chu laimun hi India Space Exploration Satellite Chandrayan-1 in october 2008 kum a twi anamudohnau chu ahi. Lhasung 3D atlas map jong Chandrayaan-1 in anasemdoh e. 

SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM(SLS) ROCKET

Orion spacecraft akiti tengle payload jong tina ahi. Tuchan hin Artemis mission le Orion spacecraft thu ngen a ihoulim tauvin tu'n akipoh tounadi rocket thu sei ute. Space a rocket lengtou ho veleuhen stage khat, stage ni, stage thum etc in akihomkhen jiye. Mission le purpose dungjuiya rocket design jong chom, payload design dan jong chomji mong ahi. Rocket hi stage khatbou hile mun gamlatah kiphatheilou, gamlatah deep space mission ho ahitengle rocket hi stage thum le li lang kijangji amin multistage rocket tia jong het ahi. Hiche staging hinpodoh hi John Schmidlap German fireworks semdoh mi ahi. Multi-stage rocket ahoina aum vang in ahoilouna jong aumkit e. Stage khat kihalchai phatle stage abanhi ahaltha khat tengle ships/spacecraft asuse jin ahi.Chomkhat jouvin hiche venbitna ding pyrotechnic fasteners/pneumatic systems ahin kinoldoh kit e. Rocket staging hi hopli in akikhen e. 

1)Serial staging(1st stage thao akichaile kilehlha a 2nd stage kihalkit, abei phaatle kilehlha kit a aban stage kihalkit), 

2)Parallel staging(khatvei hal a stage jouse kihal a spacecraft thakhat phut a thrust(force) tamtah kipe) eg. Titan III(both serial and parallel) 

3) Stage-and-a half (parallel staging banga thao khatvei jah a kijang, hiche stage boina hi aban stage kimoh halthei jiylou) eg. Atlas D (John Glenn 1962) 

4) Single staging(leiset toh kinai space iche phatle hiche single stage hi jahthei, khatvei hal a kichai jeng) 

SLS rocket hi leiset chung rocking staging lah a sangpen nalai ahi(212 feet tall with diameter 27.6 feet). Rocket thao hiche mission a kijang ho chu Cryogenic, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxgen. 

SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A ROCKET ENGINE KIMANHI RS-25 ENGINE AHI

RS-25 engine hi Rocketdyne, Paratt & Whitney, Aerojet Rocketdyne sem ahi. RS-25 engine hi Space Shuttle Main Engine(SSME) toh kibang, Indian astronaut Kalpana Chawla kipohtouna Columbia rocket engine jong chu ahi. Hiche engine hin mission 135 tah achaijou,International Space Station (ISS) jeng jong hiche engine jal a chaithng anahie. Kum somnga tah mihem spaceflight dia kimancha, NASA in RS-25 engine hi 16 tah asemdoh(sembe dia tohgon) , 14 tuchan gei a kijang jing, ni jahnailou. Hiche engine hi asangdan feet 14,avai saodan 8 feet, F-15 jet fighter sang a getveijen a thrust(force) apehdoh thei, Space Launch System(SLS) hi pungkhat a mile 17,500 hat a alengpi joudia sem ahi. Hiche core stage kisemna hi Aluminum 2219 ahi. 

SLS hi stage ni ahin stage masahi CORE STAGE akitie. Hiche hi Boeing company in asem a Michael Assembly Facility New Orleans mun a test abol jiy. Hiche facility hi spacecraft manchahho, Saturn launch vehicles le Space Shuttle external tanks ho kisemna jong ahi. Core stage hi component nga in akikhen e. Hiche ho chu liquid hydrogen(LH2),liquid oxygen tanks(LOX), engine section, intertank le forward Skirt. Hichena ban a rocket pam a um teni khu five segment solid rocket boosters kiti ahi. Hichehin main engine tailouva extra thrust(force) apehnadia kikoibe ahi. 

Core stage Rocket kisemna manchah iseitauvin tuhin payload- Satellite/Orion Spacecraft kisemna jong sei ute. Core Stage rocket kisemna toh payload kisemna jong chomcheh ahi. Satellite ho hi aluminum honeycomb panels(commonly used) le Carbon fibre Reinforced Plastic(CFRP) akijang jiy e. Hicheho kijahna hi weight lhomcha hiding strength hattah nisa apat hu(heat) ho daldohna ding, space environment apat kivendohna di ahi. Abul lang a isei bang uva Orion Spacecraft hi fly-by-spacraft bou ahi.Lhasung lutlouva lha aveldi tina ahi. Spacecraft dangho khun manchah thum apohjiu hicheho chu fly-by-spacecraft, Orbiter le Lander(eg.Mars Orbiter Mission). 

Spacecraft/satellite keuva low weight le high strength materials bou kidei hilouva leiset atmosphere lenna dia jong ajang(lighter) ding alhou(strength)huikong/lenna ho jong kidei ahi. Huikong(aeroplanes) jong hi pure element a kisemlouva composite materials(graphite epoxy) ngen a kisem ahitai. Aluminum, steel, titanium le high temperature Nickel alloys ho hi phaatmasa a huikong semna a kiman hiya tua composite materials in akhelgamdi aitai. Composite materials hi huikong semna a akimanchah a vangset pi a vacha hon attack abolkhah jongle ama-le-ma kisempha kitthei keu hilouva lenna gihna 25% asuhnem jou. Hiche composite materials hi research che jing lai jong ahi. Kei final research paper jong "Self-healing composite materials during cracks with Vascular channel" ahi jeh a thamkhat kahin tahlang ahi. 

SPACE ADUNG AVAI UMLOUNA A ITI IUMNA KIHETHEI HAM? 

Tuhin iti Spacecraft/satellites khun ama direction akihetthei a Space(North, East, West, South umlouna) a gammang louham hilchetna gah nei ute.Satellites hon ache na mission ahettheina jeh khu munni a khenthei, akhatna spin stabilization. Satellite pumpi space a kipei jongle antenna le camera khu kipeiloujeh a aumna mun akihethei ahi. Anina chu Three-axis Stabilization. Spin satellites sang a rotating reaction/momentum wheels kipei hatjeh a spin rate, spin axis le spin direction ahetthei. Chule AOCS kiti Attitude and Orbit Control System hi spacecraft a kikoi ahin hichehin akiheidan(orientation) earth sensors, sun sensors le Star sensors hoa pat hettheina apeh ahi. Spacecraft bang chu aman tahle Analog Sun Sensors manchah satellite axes khat in nisa angat a ichan a gamla um a hoiya umham hettheina apeh, satellite axes toh nisa angle measurement Digital Sun sensors apat jong hetthei ahi. Hiche manchah hi Astronauts hon jong space a amanchah u ahi. 

Artemis mission hin mihemte lha(moon) a kinungle ding sei jongle ama tup-le-doi hi khonungle Mars chena dia lampi kisem(2030), Space mundang dang chenna vetnadia kalbi masa ahi. Lha hi mihemte'n colonize ibolmasat leu hichemun a thao(rocket fuels) mining(ilahdoh uva) ibol uva abanle Solar system sung a chenna(colonized) thei ivetdiu ahi. Mihemte hi multi-planetary species hinadi kalbi masapen Artemis program ahi. Multi-planetary species ihilouuva leiset a iumden leu nikhokhatle Asteroid in dinosaurs ho asuhchimit bang a eiho jong eisuhmang diu ahi. 

Ipihile SpaceX Elon Musk thusei in khumkhana nei ute:

"I think there is a strong humanitarian argument for making life multi-planetary, in order to safeguard the existence of humanity in the event that something catastrophic were to happen, in which case being poor or having a disease would be irrelevant, because humanity would be extinct. It would be like, ‘Good news, the problems of poverty and disease have been solved, but the bad news is there aren’t any humans left.’”

“Not everyone loves humanity. Either explicitly or implicitly, some people seem to think that humans are a blight on the Earth’s surface. They say things like, ‘Nature is so wonderful; things are always better in the countryside where there are no people around.’ They imply that humanity and civilization are less good than their absence. But I’m not in that school. I think we have a duty to maintain the light of consciousness, to make sure it continues into the future.”